Gum Graft Surgery (also called Gingival Graft Surgery) is necessary to protect your teeth from gum recession, which is also known as Gingival Recession. Gum recession occurs when the gum tissue surrounding the teeth shrinks back or wears away, exposing more of the tooth, or the tooth's root. As a result your teeth start to look longer (i.e., a “toothy” smile) and you may experience sensitivity to hot and cold. You may even have pain as more of your tooth and its root become exposed. Eventually, gums can recede so much that tooth roots are almost completely exposed. This robs them of nutrients and leaves them open to attack by bacteria, ultimately leading to decay and removal.

Receding gums may be caused by the following factors, or a combination of these factors:

Aggressive brushing can traumatize the tissue and lead to permanent damage.

Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a bacterial infection that can destroy the connective fibers and create pockets between the gums and the teeth.

Smoking or any kind of tobacco use has devastating effects on the entire oral cavity. Chewing tobacco in particular, aggravates the gingival lining of the mouth and causes gum recession if used continuously.

Poor oral hygiene, such as poorly performed or neglected brushing and flossing, can result in a plaque build up and begin to affect the teeth. The plaque contains various bacterial toxins which can promote infection.

Tongue and lip piercings which can rub and irritate the gums, wearing the gum tissue away.

Diabetes that is not well managed can negatively affect gum health.

Genetics, especially if your parents had chronic gum recession from gum disease or misalignment, you may be predisposed to developing a similar condition.

Gum grafting is a common periodontal procedure, and can generally improve function as well as the esthetics of your smile.
The major benefits associated with gum grafting are as follows:

Gum Graft Surgery can help stop the process of gum recession and bone loss, preventing further problems and protecting exposed roots from further decay.

Gum grafts can help reduce tooth sensitivity, especially to hot and cold foods. When the tooth root becomes exposed, eating or drinking hot or cold foods can cause extreme sensitivity to the teeth. 

Gum grafting surgery permanently covers the exposed root, helps reduce discomfort, and restores the good health of the gums.

Gum grafts can result in a more even gum line, making your smile more symmetrical and making the overall appearance more aesthetically pleasing to look at.

Gum Graft Surgery is necessary if you have advanced stages of gum recession and it’s been recommended to protect your teeth from further damage or bone loss. You may also choose to have the surgery for cosmetic reasons, i.e., to improve the appearance of your smile.